Dear Legislators,                                                                                                           

My name is Nina Cooper and my company, Nina Designs, has been working to improve the lives of women in Indonesia and Thailand for over 30 years by providing secure jobs with benefits, fair wages and equal opportunity for advancement. Our company produces silver jewelry and jewelry making supplies.

https://www.ninadesigns.com/about-us/fair-trade

The GSP is a key factor in our ability to grow our company over the years and provide opportunities for women to thrive.  As you will see, their jobs in silver production have become a lifeline for extended families during the pandemic. Below you will find biographical details of three women who work at our production facility in Bali so that you can see how the impact of the GSP plays out over time.

Our Nina Designs community includes not only the wonderful artisans who craft our products but over 1,000 women jewelry designers in the USA who incorporate our silver charms and findings into their own jewelry. Most of these women work from their homes while raising children and homeschooling them during the pandemic. We also have 12 women working in California to keep our company running smoothly. They design and distribute our beautiful silver products. Finally, we have supported women artisans internationally through our microloan program which has lent over $200,000 to over 700 women in 30 countries. This complex and hard earned ecosystem of mutual support is in jeopardy unless you vote to renew the GSP.

I entreat Congress to reinstate the GSP so that my company can continue empowering women around the world.

“After graduating high school, I started work at Jani Silver 24 years ago as a silver smith because I loved the world of Fashion, especially jewelry. After work, in my free time, I used to teach myself English and computer. One day I asked my boss, Ibu Janet, if I could change to a position in the office. She explained that as I was such a productive smith, I would earn more doing that than data entry. I explained that I felt one day I could reach a senior management position if I was given the opportunity and then I would earn more. She laughed because I was so enthusiastic. I felt that I could combine my silversmithing knowledge with good management systems and when that proved to be true, I was so happy!

My husband, parents and my children all support me and my work. My salary supports not only my own family, but also my extended family.  Since I started here, I married and had 2 children. I was extremely lucky that our company has a policy of 3 months paid maternity leave, or 6 months leave on 50% salary. During the Covid Pandemic, each staff member has received food assistance. I share mine with people in my village who don’t have any income now. I am very grateful that I was given opportunities to advance in my career.  For several years I was a Materials / Logistics Planner and then Production Planner. Now I am the General Manager!  This was beyond my wildest dreams when I started as a silver smith.”

“I have really loved working here for the past 19 years. The owner and management team are good people who really care about the staff.  The income from my silver-smithing work is a huge help for all my family, including my parents in law, especially now that my husband lost his tourism related job.

We borrowed money (at 24% p/a) to build workers housing but now most people don’t have a job so they cannot afford to rent and just stay with their family in their village. So we also opened a small kiosk at the front of our house selling coffee, noodles, and farming supplies like chicken feed etc.

On my salary we can still eat well (but not as much meat as before) and educate our two children. Without my job, my family would be in a very difficult situation. The company pays the BPJS health insurance premiums that covers my whole family’s medical expenses. It also paid me twice for 3 months maternity leave.”

“I have worked here since I left school 22 years ago. I’ve always felt a strong sense of family both between me and my work mates and even between the management. Perhaps the most important thing is that with my salary, I am able to cover the living costs of my family, including my parents and pay for my two children’s schooling.  My husband used to work in tourism but since the Covid pandemic began he has had no work. I am very grateful for my job.”

Kouboo sells home decor products that are handmade from natural materials, such as rattan vines. Kouboo was started by Patrice and Joey Gerber with products sourced from the Philippines, and sourcing expanded to Indonesia and Myanmar. The handmade nature of the products provides significant employment opportunities in GSP countries, especially for women weavers in poor, rural areas.

As Kouboo has grown, GSP savings rose dramatically: from a few hundred dollars per month in 2013 to a few thousand dollars per week in 2020. So has the number of women artisans supported by Kouboo’s GSP imports into the United States.

In the first clip, Patrice explains how higher tariffs from GSP expiration, along with global shipping delays and the pandemic, combine to create the “perfect storm” for his business. While Kouboo converted one part-time worker into a full-time worker on January 1 (it’s first non-family member), the impact of higher tariffs plus higher shipping costs forced Kouboo to put plans for another full-time hire on hold.

In the second clip, Patrice provides information on how their products are manufactured, and how GSP/their products provide employment opportunities, especially to rural women. Since men’s agricultural income typically isn’t enough, the women’s income reduces pressure for children to work – improving access to education – as well as pressure to leave the rural areas for urban ones in search of jobs. The unique nature of the products, and limited alternative employment options in the villages, means lost GSP hurts many without even the possibility that someone else could gain.

Kouboo is a great example of how lost GSP hurts companies and workers in both the United States and developing countries. If you’re like Kouboo and harmed by GSP expiration, please add your name to our free GSP supporter list.

The estimate is based on an analysis of GSP imports and tariff savings for products flagged in the USITC’s recent report COVID-19 Related Goods: U.S. Imports and Tariffs, which was requested by House Ways and Means Chairman Richard Neal and Senate Finance Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley. This is a narrow definition that likely discounts savings on a wide range of indirectly-related products, as made clear by responses to the Coalition for GSP’s Covid-19 survey (take the survey here, see results to date here).

Tim Smith, President of HIBLOW USA in Saline, Michigan, reported “98% of the air pumps we sell to American OEM’s for medical devices come from the Philippines.” Specific medical applications for HIBLOW’s pumps include respiratory devices, bariatric air mattresses, and immunity/ blood examination equipment. GSP eliminated several million in tariffs on air pumps in 2019, but the pumps themselves are not considered medical products in the USITC report.

Another respondent expects increases in their imports of acrylic plastics from Indonesia and Thailand in 2020. The plastics are used to make sneeze guards for supermarkets and retail locations, which are in high demand due to Covid-19. But again, acrylics are not really “medical” products and do not appear on the USITC list. GSP eliminated several million in tariffs on acrylic plastics in 2019.

The Covid-related product list also shows the harm from seemingly unrelated GSP decisions by the Administration.

GSP would have eliminated $31 million in tariffs in 2019 on the Covid-19 products if the Administration had not terminated eligibility for India and Turkey. Due to the decisions, American companies paid those $7 million in tariffs.

More recently, the Administration suspended GSP benefits for about 1/3 of imports from Thailand, including products on the USITC list such as safety goggles and textile articles. The decision went ahead despite warnings that the suspension list contained products related to Covid-19 response.

That’s right: in the middle of a pandemic the Administration chose to impose new tariffs on products deemed necessary to fight the pandemic.

Looking only at products still eligible for GSP today (i.e., no savings for products from India, Turkey, or on the Thailand partial suspension list), GSP savings for Covid-19 related products in drops to $17 million. Obviously the Administration did not eliminate GSP benefits with the intent of adding $14 million in tariffs annually to Covid-19 related products, but that is the practical impact of their actions.

If Congress wants to promote a cost-effective response to Covid-19, it should immediately extend GSP’s authorization and push to restore benefits that have been lost over the last year.

GSP’s current authorization expires on December 31, 2020, and Congress must pass legislation renewing GSP this year for benefits to continue into 2021 and beyond. Companies that want GSP renewed should add their name to the free GSP supporter list.

By GSP savings, California was far and away the largest GSP beneficiary. California’s estimated $270 million in tariffs waved was nearly as much as the next four largest states – Florida, New York, Texas, New Jersey – combined.

While overall savings levels were lower, imports into Montana and Maine would face the highest average tariffs without GSP (10.9% and 10.6%, respectively). The high average tariff waived results from the dominance of travel goods imports, which can face tariffs up to 20.0% without GSP. GSP waives tariffs averaging about 7.0% on imports into Utah, Wisconsin, Arizona, and Colorado, well above the 5.0% national average.

U.S. companies saved about $180 million in tariffs on imports from Thailand – more than any other country – though GSP eligibility for about 1/3 of imports its products were removed in April 2020. Cambodia was the second most important country for U.S. savings at $169 million, following by Indonesia at $150 million. Despite being GSP-eligible for only 5 months, India was the fourth-most important country in terms of savings at $121 million. Like the states, countries such as Burma and Cambodia where travel goods are most important GSP products had the highest average tariffs waived.

Shifting trade from China to countries like India does not appear to be a byproduct of recent actions, but instead one of President Trump’s explicit goals:

And it’s working: GSP saved American companies $105 million in March, an increase of $28 million (36%) from March 2018 and the second highest level on record. In the first quarter of 2019, GSP saved American companies $285 million. That is $63 million more than the first quarter of 2018 – itself a record-shattering year.

Products hit by Section 301 tariffs when imported from China account for 90% of increased GSP imports in 2019. Overall, GSP imports rose by about $760 million, with $672 million coming on products on China Section 301 lists. GSP imports of products on those Section 301 lists increased 19%, while GSP imports of other products increased by just 5%.

As shown last week, imports from China subject to new tariffs are down significantly. The chart below shows countries from which GSP imports of products on China Section 301 lists have increased the most in the first quarter of 2019.

For India, 97% of increased 2019 GSP imports are on the China Section 301 lists. GSP imports on Section 301 lists increased by $193 million (18%), while imports of everything else increased by just $7 million (2%).

Similarly for Turkey, 97% of increased 2019 GSP imports are on the China Section 301 lists. GSP imports on Section 301 lists increased by $40 million (13%), while imports of everything else increased by just $1.2 million (less than 1%).

For the Philippines, GSP imports of products on China 301 lists growth helped offset declining GSP imports of all other products. South Africa, Brazil, and Egypt saw similar increases in Section 301-affected products offset losses of other products.

GSP imports from Indonesia grew *only* twice as much on affected products. Yet even here growth rates are faster for products on the Section 301 lists: GSP imports of products affected by new China tariffs grew by 22%, while imports of other products grew by 15%.

Not only would terminating GSP for India, Turkey, or others under review (Thailand, Indonesia) hurt many American companies and workers that have relied on GSP for years. It also would reduce viable sourcing options for companies looking to buy less from China in response to Section 301 tariffs – thereby undermining the President’s own objectives.

American businesses: “By lowering tariffs for American companies that import under GSP, it supports jobs and investments in the United States.”

(WASHINGTON) – Over 430 American businesses and associations from across the country that currently use the Generalized Systems of Preferences (GSP) program to help sustain and grow their businesses today wrote to Congressional leaders asking their help in delaying a recent decision to terminate the program for India and Turkey. In their letter, the American businesses pointed out that just last year, Congress voted nearly unanimously to renew the GSP program for all eligible countries and that their help is needed in ensuring that the recent termination decisions reflect Congressional intent in overwhelmingly agreeing to continue the program.

“As representatives of American companies that would pay higher tariffs as a result of these decisions – and similar ones that could come in the future – we urge you to request a delay beyond May. This would provide Congress time to work with the Administration and ensure the decisions match both the letter and the spirit of the GSP law.” the letter states. By lowering tariffs for American companies that import under GSP, it supports jobs and investments in the United States, particularly at U.S. small businesses. Congress showed the strong bipartisan support for GSP when it reauthorized the program for three years in 2018.”

The GSP programs was established in 1974 to both promote economic development and provide duty-free imports to help American small businesses compete. As the U.S Trade Representative’s office website states, GSP: “Supports tens of thousands of jobs in the United States.  GSP also boosts American competitiveness by reducing costs of imported inputs used by U.S. companies to manufacture goods in the United States.  GSP is especially important to U.S. small businesses, many of which rely on the programs’ duty savings to stay competitive.” India and Turkey currently provide roughly a third of total GSP imports.

The businesses that sent the letter to Congress represent the profile of the average American business that benefits from the program which tend to have 20 or fewer employees and depend greatly on duty-free imports to support those employees and their overall business. The Coalition for GSP, a group of American companies, small businesses and trade associations organized to educate policy makers and others about the important benefits to American companies, workers, and consumers of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program helped organize today’s letter.

The full text of the letter:

Dear Chairmen Grassley and Neal and Ranking Members Wyden and Brady:

We are writing to express our grave concerns with the Administration’s recent announcement of intent to terminate Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program for India and Turkey. The decisions could take effect as soon as May 4, 2019. As representatives of American companies that would pay higher tariffs as a result of these decisions – and similar ones that could come in the future – we urge you to request a delay beyond May. This would provide Congress time to work with the Administration and ensure the decisions match both the letter and the spirit of the GSP law.

GSP is a 45-year old program created to promote economic development. By lowering tariffs for American companies that import under GSP, it also supports jobs and investments in the United States. Congress showed strong bipartisan support for GSP when it reauthorized the program for three years in 2018. The House of Representatives voted 400-2 in favor of GSP renewal legislation, which was then enacted into law as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018. Congress has not just reauthorized the program in recent years but expanded it significantly in 2015 by removing the statutory prohibition on eligibility for travel goods.

Multi-year reauthorizations and expansions have had a positive impact on American companies and workers, which saved a record $1.03 billion in eliminated tariffs in 2018. Yet the Administration’s use of country practice reviews threatens to undermine Congress’ intent in reauthorizing GSP and the benefits to program users like us. About one-third of GSP savings for American importers result from the inclusion of India and Turkey in the program. Another third result from eligibility for other countries under review, such as Indonesia and Thailand.

The India decision was based on failure to resolve market access issues. The GSP statute does not require a perfect trading relationship, just assurances of reasonable and equitable treatment. There are reports that India offered significant proposals that would improve US market access for a range of products and industries. By terminating GSP, the Administration has chosen higher barriers for US imports and exports instead of more-open markets for two-way trade. This does not match the intent of the GSP program or its eligibility criteria.

The Turkey decision was based on sufficient economic development, including “rising Gross National Income (GNI) per capita.” Yet the facts do not support this decision. While Turkey has made significant strides to diversify its exports and reduce levels of poverty, according to the World Bank, Turkey’s GNI per capita declined each year from 2014 to 2017. Further declines are expected as Turkey entered recession in 2018 for the first time since the global financial crisis. This action is diametrically opposed to GSP’s original intent. Preference programs were created to promote development by giving countries a hand up, not imposing new barriers when they are down.

The decisions even are worrying to GSP program users that do not import from India or Turkey. Eight other countries are subject to pending country practice reviews, and those decisions could be announced at any time. USTR also will announce soon whether any new country practice reviews will be self-initiated for GSP beneficiaries in Europe and the Western Hemisphere soon. If the Administration chooses to terminate GSP benefits despite efforts from beneficiary countries to address U.S. concerns, and can graduate countries based on positive economic development when data suggest otherwise, what countries’ benefits are not at risk?

It is not an exaggeration to suggest that when GSP comes up for reauthorization in next year, it could be a shell of the program that so many Members of Congress supported just a year ago. The India and Turkey announcements raise serious questions about whether the Administration is enforcing congressional intent, or misusing its discretion to eliminate tariff benefits that Congress has expressly granted.

We urge you to ensure that GSP decisions follow both the letter and the spirit of the law. Jobs at our companies depend on it.

Sincerely,

VIEW ALL 438 LETTER SIGNERS HERE

Even before upward revisions, U.S. companies’ tax benefits from GSP showed massive increases from past years: American companies saved nearly $20 million per month more in 2017 because of GSP compared to just two years earlier.

Through the first half of 2018, GSP savings are up an additional 18 percent and on track to crack $1 billion for the year. While Congress renewed GSP through 2020 to give companies the certainty necessary to encourage such growth, the Trump administration has launched a number of country “eligibility reviews” that could raise taxes for American companies that depend on GSP – by a lot.

There are GSP reviews underway for India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Thailand, and Turkey. American companies saved $544 million last year due to GSP for those countries. Collectively, they accounted for 61 percent of GSP savings on imports from all countries.

Given the risk of lost GSP, we strongly encourage companies importing from those countries to sign up for our GSP supporter list and take our review impacts survey, which are both free.

In terms of specific revisions based on the new data, New Jersey saw the biggest jump in savings by value, followed by Florida, California, Georgia, and New York.

Montana saw the biggest jump in GSP savings by percent, followed by Utah, Maine, Florida, and Nevada.

For supplier countries, the largest revision in US savings came on imports from the Philippines, followed by Indonesia, India, Thailand, and Brazil.

Some states such as Georgia and North Carolina saw much larger increases in GSP imports and savings compared to the previous year, as shown in the graphic below.

GSP saved Georgia companies $3.9 million in December, up $1.3 million (49 percent) compared to one year earlier. Metal products from Brazil, luggage from Thailand,  and chemicals from India contributed the most to Georgia’s GSP savings increases.

GSP saved North Carolina companies $2.0 million in December, up $577,000 (39 percent) compared to one year earlier. Chemicals from the Philippines, furniture fittings from Thailand, and wood products from Indonesia contributed most to North Carolina’s GSP increases.

In addition to Georgia and North Carolina, companies in 26 other states saw GSP savings increase by at least 20 percent, including: California, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming.

Savings on GSP imports from Indonesia increased by 31 percent compared to December of last year. California companies’ alone imported $4.6 million in silver jewelry under GSP in December. GSP eliminated about $1.5 million in import taxes on mangoes and guavas in December. About two-thirds of those savings were on imports into New Jersey.

*** REMINDER: GSP EXPIRED EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1.***

The House passed GSP renewal legislation in February, but the Senate must pass legislation for GSP benefits to resume. Please use our Contact Congress tool to write your Senators about GSP renewal; answer our brief survey on how GSP expiration impacts you, and/or sign up for the free GSP supporter list to show the broad support for renewal.

While GSP was expired, Royal Chain paid more than $2 million in new tariffs. It lost millions of dollars more in sales because products were no longer competitive once tariffs were added to the cost. Royal Chain could not fill new positions, delayed equipment upgrades, and put expansion plans on hold.

When GSP expired, Leila’s Linens had to raise prices to cover the new tariffs costs. In addition to $175,000 in tariffs paid, Leila’s Linens lost an estimated $1.7 million in sales when major clients started sourcing directly from non-GSP countries. Lower volumes made it hard to service smaller clients, too. Leila’s Linens delayed all major expenditures, including new workers.