In a major shift from 2018, consumer goods were the largest category of GSP imports by both value ($6.6 billion) and savings ($512 million). Consumers goods accounted for 32% of total GSP imports, up from 24% the prior year. Because average tariffs (without GSP) are much higher (7.7%), consumer goods accounted for about half of all GSP savings. Expanding GSP to cover travel goods in 2016/2017 has led to steadily increasing consumer goods imports over the last several year.

Industrial materials ranked second among GSP products both by import value ($6.0 billion) and estimated tariff savings ($256 million). Industrial materials were the largest GSP imports, usually by a wide margin, in each of the last 10 years. The reason industrial materials slipped to #2 is clear from the “top countries”: 5 months of GSP for India eliminated more tariffs on materials used by American manufacturers than full-year GSP for any other country.

Agricultural and food products ranked third among GSP products by import value ($2.9 billion) and estimated tariff savings ($116 million). Among the more surprising data points: Ecuador was the second-largest source of food and agricultural products in 2019 by the value of GSP savings, primarily on tropical plants such as taro, mangoes, and guavas.

Capital goods ranked fourth among GSP imports by value ($2.8 billion) and savings ($83 million) in 2019. Despite similar import values, GSP savings on capital goods were much lower than GSP savings on agricultural and food products due to lower average tariff rates (3.0% versus 4.0%, respectively). India was the second-biggest source country in terms of tariff saving on capital goods, again demonstrating how American manufacturers are bearing the brunt of the decision to end GSP for India.

Autos and parts ranked fifth among GSP imports by value ($2.3 billion) and savings ($66 million) in 2019. Passenger vehicles are not eligible for GSP, so imports tend to be concentrated among parts such as engines, tires, and wire harnesses. Not surprisingly, states with a heavy automotive presence such as Michigan and Tennessee are among the top importers by GSP savings on these components and parts.

GSP imports were up by 15 percent – and tariffs savings were up by 17 percent – compared to a year earlier. Some states such as Nebraska and Maryland saw much larger increases in GSP imports and savings compared to the previous year, as shown in the graphic below.

GSP saved Nebraska companies $105,000 thousand in June, up $42,000 (68 percent) compared to one year earlier. Activated carbon from the Philippines, copper alloys and rubber stoppers from India, and aluminum frames from Thailand contributed most to Nebraska’s GSP increases.

GSP saved Maryland companies $2.1 million in June, up over $450,000 (28 percent) compared to one year earlier. Silicon from Kazakhstan, carbides from South Africa, and zinc from India contributed most to Maryland’s GSP increases.

In addition to Nebraska and Maryland, companies in 17 other states saw GSP savings increase by at least 20 percent, including: Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Delaware, Indiana, Louisiana, Maine, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Savings on GSP imports from Lebanon increased by 58 percent compared to June of last year. Illinois companies’ purchases of nuts accounted for nearly $250,000 of the GSP imports from Lebanon. GSP eliminated about $471,000 in import taxes on steering wheels in June, with more than a fifth of those savings on imports into Michigan.

Photo by Lehigh Valley, PA [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

On Monday, President Donald J. Trump declared July 16-22 to be “Made in America” week and held an event at the White House highlighting American-made products. Yet such events often overlook the benefits of imports, including programs such as GSP, in creating those American-made products.

Take BTR International, a small business in New York City that imports engine-ready camshafts from Brazil. GSP eliminates the 2.5 percent tariffs those imports would otherwise face. GSP savings help BTR provide the best-possible prices to customers, including iconic American manufacturers such as Mack Trucks.

Mack is among the world’s largest manufacturers of heavy-duty trucks, engines, and transmissions. Founded in 1900, Mack has an engine plant in Hagerstown, Maryland and assembles all its trucks for the North America market in Macungie, Pennsylvania. Mack exports its trucks throughout North and South America, Australia, and Africa.

The indirect savings from GSP for Mack are emblematic of the broader automotive industry. In 2016, GSP eliminated $78 million in taxes on auto parts ranging from camshafts to wire harnesses to brakes parts and tires. Michigan, California, and Tennessee were the principal beneficiary states.

By eliminating such taxes, GSP provides the U.S. auto industry a competitive edge. (Our GSP Supporter List includes numerous companies importing auto parts.) Without it, the higher costs would trickle through the supply chain, from small importers like BTR to major producers like Mack and eventually to the end customers at home and abroad. Such cost increases could lead to diminished sales and a cutback in U.S. auto manufacturing capacity.

Overall, the value of GSP imports and tariff savings both increased by more than 10 percent compared to May 2015. Some states, such as Arkansas and Rhode Island, saw very large increases in GSP imports and savings compared to May 2015, as shown in the graphic below.

In Arkansas, GSP imports and savings both increased by 37 percent compared to one year earlier. Vanadium oxides and hydroxides from South Africa, firearms from Turkey, and transmission parts from Thailand contributed most to Arkansas’ GSP increases.

In Rhode Island, GSP imports increased by 79 percent and savings from GSP by 145 percent compared to one year earlier. Costume jewelry from Thailand, glass fibers from Sri Lanka, and metal picture frames from Turkey contributed most to Rhode Island’s GSP increases.

Imports from Cambodia jumped by 121 percent, led by increased imports of window blinds by companies in California. GSP eliminated about $109,000 in import taxes on buses in May and has waived more than $400,000 on imports of buses in the first five months of 2016.

Overall, GSP tariff savings increased increased by 31 percent compared to February 2015. The value of imports under GSP increased 30 percent. These sharp increases reflect abnormally low imports in February 2015 on account of the the West Coast port strikes.

Some states, including those not affected by the 2015 strikes such as Pennsylvania and Virginia, saw ever bigger increases in GSP imports and savings compared to February 2015, as shown in the graphic below.

In Pennsylvania, GSP imports increased by 52 percent and savings from GSP by 63 percent compared to one year earlier. Primary form plastics and pencils/crayons from Brazil, ferrochromium (a raw material for steel manufacturing) from Zimbabwe, and candy confections from Thailand contributed most to Pennsylvania’s GSP increases.

In Virginia, GSP imports increased by 39 percent and savings from GSP by 52 percent compared to one year earlier. Ceramic tableware and kitchenware from Indonesia, steering wheels and columns from India, and iron oxides from Brazil contributed most to Virginia’s GSP increases.

Imports from Uruguay jumped by 102 percent, led by increased imports of plywood by companies in Washington. GSP eliminated more than $580,000 in import taxes on silver jewelry. More than 40 percent of those imports went to New York.

• California had the highest value of GSP imports ($2.8 billion) and tariff savings ($111 million) in 2012
• Rhode Island imports would’ve face the highest average tariffs (7%) without GSP
• 94% of imports from GSP-eligible countries did not enter duty free under GSP
• GSP eliminated tariffs on individual products that were as high as 37.8%
• Motor vehicle parts were the top product group imported under GSP in 2012
• Per capita incomes for top GSP beneficiary countries remain well below the statutory “high-income” threshold for automatic graduation

You can download the full report, which includes much, much more info, by clicking here.

Arkansas companies imported an estimated $49.2 million under GSP in 2011, saving them on average 3.8%. India was the most important source of GSP imports, accounting for about33 percent of the tariff savings. Suspension shock absorbers were Arkansas’ top import under GSP in 2011 and would have faced average tariffs of 2.5% without GSP.

Yet GSP is set to expire on July 31, 2013, and companies could face tariffs higher tariffs starting on August 1 if Congress does not pass legislation renewing GSP. When GSP expired at the end of 2010, American companies paid nearly $2 million per day, every day, until Congress finally acted 11 months later!

This graphic shows just some of the negative impacts from the last GSP expiration. It also helps explain why more than 335 companies and associations – including at least 4 in Arkansas – joined the 2011 GSP Supporter List urging renewal of the program when it last expired.

Are you an Arkansas company that would be hurt by GSP expiration? If so, please take 30 seconds to let Congress know by adding your name to our free 2013 GSP Supporter List right now.